Desktop Versus Laptop – Advantages and disadvantages of both

If you are looking for a good comparison between laptops and office, then you've come to the right place. Both desktops and laptops have their own advantages and disadvantages. Each has advantages and disadvantages, structures, benefits and reasons to use it. Let's see what is the best!

One of the biggest arguments for laptops is the size of mobility, portability and compact. The advantage of being able to compute, surf the Internet, watch movies, connect with friends and family, work and business and the benefits of its use in schools actually make the argument for buying a laptop on a desk. For the business traveler's laptop is an essential part of everyday life. Desktop machines are generally large and bulky that can be taken anywhere. On the other hand, laptops are mobile and can be made to any mobile computing where. This also includes having a mobile Internet connection wherever you go.

The mobility of laptops is also a disadvantage, since for the mobility of the size of the unit and therefore space for a variety of features and components are sacrificed. Lighter and ultra Mobile will have much less "power packed attributes" that their office counterparts. Now there is also the option of desktop laptop models replacement, which are packed with features and components power is distributed, but are much less mobile than notebook models light. So, in general, a desktop computer has a large extra space for all IT functions that are accessible to the consumer.

Laptops also require less energy to work as desktop computers. Its battery power is stronger than most computers office. PC takes more energy to operate the entire system.

Another argument is that improvements in many desktop and add components can be done at home, even the least tech-savvy users. With computers this notebook is not as easy as they are complex in nature and components of them are not easy to remove. For example, when an office party is off, or if you want to update the memory or add an optical drive is quite easy to do with the desktop models, but not with laptops, this means that the costs will be incurred for a person of high technology.

Books as the lack of customization and configuration of the range components. On the other hand, the PC comes with more of expansion slots that can add or edit a new material. But when it comes to portability, notebooks definitely the end scale and many are using their laptops at home and therefore offers the best of both worlds.

Prices used for play an important role for consumers to decide the question of the laptop from the office, but these days it is much less of a concern. With the huge competition among laptop makers, the development of high-end technologies and requires the buyer of laptops are become much more affordable than ever before to be. However, a fully-loaded with lots of bells and whistles can cost less than a mobile equivalent, especially one with powerful features, games and entertainment with high-end processors, lots of RAM and hard drive capacity.

In general, both systems have their advantages and disadvantages, it really comes down to what you expect of your team, your needs and price they are willing to pay.

About the Author

Please visit our site where we offer the cheapest prices on all laptop computers and accessories at Cheap Laptop Computers. Make sure to check out all our laptop guides, news and articles, like the Student Laptop Buying Guide.

What types of expansion cards can be used in laptops?

of the four PCMCIA PC Card PCI PC CMPCIA Maxi Mini PCI Cards

PCMCIA PC Card Mini PCI Mini PCI cards are internal so it should open the computer to replace something, but mostly used internally to Wi-Fi/Bluetooth. Express are others who are in the new laptops they actually replace PCMCIA.

54mm Notebook PCMCIA to 2 ESATA VIA Chipset Expansion Card from Dinodirect.com

Mac Video Capture

Mac Video Capture
Were you aware that your music can be streamed into Second Life using the same technology as internet radio? Bringing your music to this new audience requires a Shoutcast source client, which sends your music to a streaming server, which subsequently rebroadcasts your music to all the listeners in Second Life.

This article lists the leading choices in Shoutcast/Icecast source clients. This source client is the piece of software that runs on your computer, connecting the music you play with the streaming server.

What it does

The Shoutcast/Icecast streaming source client takes audio input from a program or hardware device, encodes it into a media stream, and sends the media stream on to a streaming server. Each step of this process requires configuration, and each program differs in the specifics of where you may find these settings. However, the settings themselves are fairly universal.

Music source

The input to the source client may come from a media player such as iTunes, Winamp, or Windows Media Player, or it may also come from a hardware device connected to your computer — such as a mixer connected to a sound card or even an integrated laptop microphone. Your chosen source client will present a list of possible inputs from which you can choose to broadcast.

Encoding

Some source clients may be able to encode into multiple media formats. However, for compatibility with Second Life, you will need to use mp3. The Second Life viewer on your listeners’ end does not support WMA, AAC, Ogg, or other formats. Further, you will find that if you try to use the most pristine mp3 encoding settings, your listeners will experience skips in the stream. It is best not to use anything higher than 44.1 kHz, 64 kbps, stereo. You should be able to find these settings grouped together.

Specifying the stream server

Lastly, you will need to specify the Shoutcast/Icecast streaming server to which the source client will connect. This will be in the form of a URL or an IP Address, a Port number, and a Password. Some streaming clients allow you to build a ‘library’ of servers, each with their own URL, port, and password. This is handy if you regularly perform at a number of venues. Each venue will have its own server. This allows you to, once configured, merely select a given venue’s server from a list, and have all the values set at once. If your source client does not have this feature, you will need to manually enter this data every time for each venue.

Criteria

For each listed software streaming client, I list the price, where you can obtain it, what platform it runs upon, and other attributes. After reading this article, you should be ready to choose a streaming source client that meets your needs.

Before I list the choices, I will first define what the various attributes mean.

Operating System (OS) – This tells you what operating system the streaming source client is compatible with. There are choices for Windows, Mac OS, Linux, and other UNIX-like OSs.

Plugin vs. Standalone – Some Shoutcast/Icecast source clients are ‘plugins’, which operate inside of other programs. An example is the Shoutcast DSP Plugin, which installs ‘into’ Winamp as a host. Other source clients run in their own window, providing all needed functionality themselves.

Record functionality – Some source clients will also record (or ‘archive’) your stream. The stream is not only sent on to the streaming server, but it also is written to your computer’s disk as an mp3 file. This allows you to play back your stream at a later date.

Presenting the candidates

butt (broadcast using this tool)

• Free
• Linux, MacOS and Windows.
• Open source project hosted on Sourceforge
• Standalone
• Streaming and recording simultaneously with different bitrates

This relative newcomer provides all the functionality that you would need or want. The fact that it is free, and runs on almost any computer, makes it a great choice.

Winamp with Shoutcast DSP Plugin

• Free
• Windows, Mac OS, Linux, other UNIX
• Winamp makes Winamp Standard
• Shoutcast makes the Shoutcast DSP Plugin
• Host media player and Plugin
• No built in recording functionality

This solution has been the mainstay in the Windows arena, mostly due to its price.

Nicecast

• $40 (free demo)
• Mac OS
• Rogueamoeba is the company behind Nicecast
• Standalone
• Archive function

For years, this has been the standard in the Mac arena. Full featured.

Simplecast

• $139
• Windows
• Spacialaudio produces simplecast
• Standalone
• No built in recording functionality

This selection comes from a company with a full line of professional internet radio tools.

Reaper with Shoutcast plugin

• $60 (free demo)
• Windows
• Cockos makes Reaper
• Landoleet is where you can get the reaper_shoutcast.dll plugin (this is NOT the same as the Shoutcast DSP Plugin for Winamp)
• Host DAW and Plugin
• Full multitrack recording capability

Reaper is a full-functioned DAW, from a company founded by the guy who first invented Shoutcast technology. Extremely powerful, with complexity to match.

EdCast

• Free
• Windows
• Oddsock makes edcast
• Available either standalone, or as a plugin for Winamp or Foobar2000.
• Recorder not built in.

Both EdCast and its precursor Oddcast are from the same developer, along with a number of other useful music tools (including a stream recorder).

The envelope, please

If you are just getting started in streaming your music into Second Life, I recommend that you start with butt. Silly name, I know. However, it is free, does everything you want it to do, and runs the same way on any computer you’re likely to have. Plus, it is an open source program, meaning that its future is pretty much assured.

Any of the other choices would be fine as well. They all work pretty much hiccup-free. If your needs are unique, there may be some reason to prefer another over butt.

Myself, I use Reaper with the Shoutcast plugin. Reaper is a full-featured music production DAW like Pro Tools, Logic, Sonar, etc. In fact, it was my DAW before I started streaming into Second Life. The fact that Reaper is from the guy the guy that invented internet radio (as well as Winamp, Gnutella, and other modern necessities) holds strong sway with me.

Get going!

You really can’t go wrong with any of the above. Just grab one, grab the free Second Life viewer, create a free Second Life account, log on, and start performing for the eager Second Life audiences!

I hope you join us in this journey to a strange and wonderful new world. In the meantime, you may wish to do some early exploring on your own – it is free to get started! Just click the link below:

About the Author

If you’re looking to download youtube videos, look no further than: http://download-youtube.net/

How do I know if my laptop has a video capture card or not?

The answer is probably simple, but how can I know if I or not? Mick told me that the video capture card is not the video card.

Basically, if you have any type video input is the map. but on a laptop I think not, for FireWire and USB digital inputs.

Pinnacle Platinum Dazzle Capture Card Setup Xbox 360 PS3 Wii

Sim offers only: the conversation has become very easy

Mobile Phones have become a form communication. This can be done with the help of the SIM card. Without a SIM card phone can not work. Therefore, it is important. Without access to SIM card services network, such as video calls, SMS, phone calls and Internet services. There are some companies in the network are offering SIM only offer.

People can see offers on the Internet. Sim does is one of the examples. The agreement was proposed that the minutes of hit free calls, unlimited texting, free line rental, free people can use to connect the comparison table to compare these offers and you can choose one that is very beneficial and profitable for them at the same time. During the holiday season, this agreement is even more beneficial, providing computer computer Free laptop, digital video camera without LCD TV without instant cash back, free Sony Play Station, but apple i-pod, but Nintendo Wii, not Dell and so on.

The SIM card of a particular network will not work in the service networks to get another. This is the main reason why it is unique in nature. The Orange Sim Only offers phone users are very flexible phones. If you are not satisfied or needs are not met, then you can simply switch to another network simply buy a new SIM card from that particular network.

This facility is not available on the SIM card only deals with the contract. Under this contract can not change the network and whenever you want. It was not until the expiration date to be overcome. People who buy this one simple agreement, should not pay a penalty to get any network and choose another. O2 SIM only deals are considered important, they offer different plans for clients.

About the Author

TroyMichael shares his knowledge on technical gizmos that makes you able to find the plans that best fits your needs. He has won appreciation from people for write about New Phones, Pay As You Go Mobile Phones

possible transfer of sims on a laptop via a memory card?

my laptop has no CD drive, so Sims can not be installed via the cd

not really, unless your very good with computers are able to transfer (copy) files from the CD drive. but more likely than not, when she knew it was like a site that is as a means of piracy. I suggest you not try to copy USB files, you may damage the CD in any way.

Let’s Play La-Mulana Again 36: Laptop and Dating Sim

Learn how to restore a HP laptop holding the power button with battery

laptops from Hewlett-Packard Rechargeable use target = "_blank" title = "Notebook Batteries" laptop batteries> to power the computer laptop while not connected to a power source. The rechargeable batteries lose their effectiveness over time and the amount of time that can power a laptop can be progressively reduced. Some models of laptop batteries have a reset button on the battery. When you press the factory settings are restored to the battery, which can help restore the effectiveness of the battery. In addition, if the battery is not charged, is encouraged to try to restore the battery to see if this will solve the problem.

1. Drain the laptop battery for Hewlett-Packard. Turn on the laptop. Remove the AC adapter. Leave your laptop up the battery runs out and the laptop is off. Turn the laptop off.

2. Remove computer battery Cell. Locate the battery lock mechanism on the bottom of a laptop from Hewlett-Packard. Slide the side and the mechanism while maintaining this side, slide the battery for removal. Release the locking mechanism of the battery.

3. Locate the reset button on a Hewlett-Packard target = "_blank" title = "Toshiba laptop battery" laptop battery> Toshiba. You are at the bottom of battery and appears as a small hole with the button inside. He will say "RESET" above. Not all batteries for Hewlett-Packard has a button reset. If you do not know if your model has one, or where you are, see the manual for your specific model needs.

4. Place the tip of a pen or paperclip into the hole open. Press the down button for 10 seconds. Output. The battery has been restored.

5. Align the battery contacts of the battery with the contacts of the battery compartment. Once aligned, press the battery firmly in the battery compartment.

6. Connect the adapter to the laptop Hewlett-Packard. Leave the battery is fully charged for eight hours before use. Once fully charged, the battery is ready for use.

About the Author

We specialize in substitute batteries(laptop battery, Digital Camera Battery, power tool battery) and battery packs for laptops, camcorders, digital cameras, PDAs, mobile phones, and power tools, etc. as well as battery chargers! Welcom to www.ibuynow.com.au

How do I reset the CMOS password?

I bought a Vaio laptop P-3 on Ebay, and I can not access the settings BIOS because it is password protected. Unfortunately, I bought "as is" for "a part or repair, and the seller does not know what is the password. I rebooted the system with the method clip, but it still askes the password. I think removing the CMOS battery, but I thought for finding a solution easier. Any ideas.

unplug the power cord when open to remove the battery and the small bridge that the label on the motherboard CMOS reset – all let stand for 5 minutes, put back together. when turned on will set the time and other options that have changed in the BIOS boot option like the first, etc. AGP Aperture

How to make a paper laptop computer

Toshiba Dynabook portable 3D view T551/D8B

Toshiba Dynabook T551/D8B Sandy Bridge Intel Mobile 3D power of review

An innovative notebook manufacturers, Toshiba has expanded its mobile Intel sand bridge reinforced by the introduction of Toshiba Dynabook T551/D8B news. The new Toshiba Dynabook T551/D8B is a powerful notebook has the Intel platform Huron River. According to its characteristics, this new Sandy Bridge Portable Power is powered by heart Processor 2.0 GHz Quad Core i7-2630QM and loaded with Windows 7 Home Premium 64-bit. It is with Nvidia GeForce 540M GT accelerator graph with 1 GB of memory (3D glasses included), 15.6-inch 120 Hz, webcam, and all the connections useful. Just take a look at the list below specifications of the new Toshiba Dynabook T551/D8B capture more information about this.

Intel gave to Sandy know Bridge your library central processing units, many systems based on them have been represented and implemented.

Processors are also known as the second generation of the base and have a lot of processing power and better integrated graphics.

However, he told The integrated graphics are not even close to what AMD is discreet and NVIDIA can do, which is why has new Toshiba Dynabook laptop with a 3D GPU.

The device is a personal laptop with Core i7-2630QM, a processor quad-core mobile with a 2.0 GHz core speed.

Meanwhile, all the heavy video tasks are handled by the NVIDIA GeForce 540M GT, whose memory is 1 GB

These two, as well as the amount of memory up to 8GB of DDR3 memory, are the main elements that make the T551 Powerful 3D Dynabook laptop screen is also needed 3D glasses, of course.

That said, the panel size of 120 Hz is of 15.6 inches and its native resolution is 1366 x 768 pixels (HD).

In addition, Toshiba has launched a hard drive has a capacity of 750 GB and a reader Blu-ray, optical storage and multimedia playback.

Other features include Gigabit Ethernet predictable, USB 3.0, 802.11n WiFi, a webcam and HDMI output, allowing broadcast auxiliary monitors or HDTVs in 3D.

Finally, the Toshiba Dynabook T551 is loaded Windows 7 Home Premium 64-bit operation. Japanese stores should start selling this machine since February, at a price that has not yet been given.

Toshiba has announced the Dynabook portable 3D T551/D8B in Japan, based on the Intel platform and the Huron River is fed by a 2.0 GHz Quad-Core Core i7-2630QM, a 15.6-inch (1366 x 768) display and 120 Hz 540M NVIDIA GeForce GT graphics card with 1 GB of memory (3D glasses included).

The new Toshiba Dynabook The T551/D8B also come with up to 8 GB of RAM, 750GB HDD, Blu-ray, Gigabit Ethernet, WiFi 802.11n, a webcam, USB 3.0, HDMI output, up to 2.8 hours href = "http://www.batteryfast.co.uk/" battery life "and works with Windows Home Premium 64-bit OS-7.

Toshiba Dynabook T551/D8B Specifications

• Windows 7 64-bit Home Premium pre-installed
• Huron River Intel platform
• Powered by Quad-Core 2.0 GHz Core i7-2630QM
• 8 GB RAM, 750 GB hard drive
• Nvidia GeForce GT 540M accelerator 1GB of graphics memory (3D glasses included)
• 120Hz 15.6 inches with resolution 1366 x 768 pixels
• LAN Gigabit Ethernet and 802.11b/g/n Wi-Fi
• Equipped with a webcam
• D-Sub and an output HDMI to an external monitor or TV
• Dimensions: 381 x 254 x 30 to 37.6 mm and a weight of 3 kg
• It offers up to 2.8 hours of battery life

The new Toshiba Dynabook 3D T551/D8B allowed power Intel's Sandy Bridge Mobile will start selling next month in Japan. But unfortunately there is no word on pricing and exact release date in time.

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HP Mini 1000 .. webcam? … The camera?

I just got a laptop HP Mini 1000 for Christmas and have had no problems, but I have a question how, for example, apparently on the right side is an area where I can insert a memory card right on my camera? can someone please explain more. I am also aware that this is a webcam on top and I heard that you can take pictures, but I can record videos / cat? If yes, how can I do this? A plus I know you can connect the camera to a USB cable and start my photos but not videos, what I can do about it? Any help would be great thank you =)

I can tell you first, I'm not sure the rest: S 1. The card is for memory cards of digital cameras today. When you insert the memory card into the slot, the "images are transferred to the computer. Is this the same as connecting the camera his "computer via USB, some people find it faster. 2. With my laptop (I have not the same as you, but all these things like) got software webcam video recording allowed me and many other things with my web cam. Look around your start menu "of a sort web cam software. If you have MSN (or similar instant messaging program) can also initiate a video chat with your contacts. 3. I'm not sure about it = /. I know sometimes when you plug your "radio button camera appears. Make sure that not only importing images. There may be other options such as "import video" I can not be sure of that because I do not use Vista much (I guess because it is a new HP with Vista)

Student suing school for spying on laptop webcam?

Webcam recording 30fps MPEG

Best of the Best Announces Grand Central video capture

Eilat, Israel March 24 2011 – Best of the Best has released a new program – webcam recording 30fps MPEG.

The way it works is analysis of the image sent by a web camera attached either via USB or using a video capture device for the movement. When it is said that the movement so that you can buy some number of events, including activation of the alarm.

implementation of workplace safety is available for work for any camera or webcam to the Internet and most capture cards too. You can monitor what your motion detectors are recovering at home or company, although it may be halfway around the world.
The software itself can not be simple, but life can be easier for you.

Transmit video or live audio capture card with the application server webcam.
If you meet the need an image capture with a webcam into a security zone, webcam server software may be the right choice for you. Using this application you can set up a webcam to sense motion and start recording when it does.
Depending on your needs, image and audio captured by the camera can be stored on a hard drive, or if the captured video must be available online via the Internet may be the server `s broadcasting according to a website.
Depending on the quality of the webcam and The user of the video card, capturing the scene can be as clear as the sign of the HDTV.
With a facility of this type can provide a measure of protection of the area where the economy of the situation does not justify hiring a company security or facility a platform for professional surveillance.
This solution "do it yourself can save money without compromising security.

A more popular demand, however, is to send or live images of what is happening in the picture is covered by the webcam or the Internet, including live transmission precisely what happens with sound and image. If they are installed surreptitiously, this demand could even be used for illegal surveillance.
Given the large number of devices that have either a device connected to the web or may take First support is the perfect way to lower your costs and watch the ground effortlessly pc around the intrusion or theft.

AVAILABILITY
more Beauty Center Video Encoder software can be downloaded for free at the best sites: http://yzack.neweblab.com/stores/yzack/65927pgabout.html

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About the Author

ABOUT THE BEST OF THE BEST
Founded in March 2011, The Best of The Best designs programs to record from camera 30fps digital video

For more data on the business and its services please visit its web site at http://yzack.neweblab.com

Anomie get on my webcam?

I have the .. C200 Webcam Logitech webcam and my Cuzin has the same, but when you click the button or Lil take a picture or something must be 2 smiling faces and Lil makes faces all gray black thingys.and not like I have? How?

With WebcamMax.com (Free or trial ManyCam.com YouCam), you can add fun special effects (frames, masks / faces, distortion / morphing scenes funny, animation, etc.) for the flow of web cam (or capture). More http://www.sillywebcam.com/chat.htm webcam software

Yahoo Messenger (YIM) Webcam Hack – Webcam Spy Free Download

How can I put the wifi on my laptop?

More Laptop questions if Please visit LaptopsFAQ.com

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My language is German laptop and I go to English, how can I do? Go control panel and regional settings and later language. If you mean that the operating system is surrounded by Germany may have to install the English pack ….

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I have a tester UL and there are some symbols on: ~ V — V, but mostly … Am I supposed to touch the metal part of both the charger to the black and red VOM (voltmeter) is be …

How do I choose a MacBook?
Currently I have a Dell Inspiron 1520 and, finally, I am surrounded by love with her. Four of my best friends have a Macbook and positively love them. I want to buy one before the next semester of college to start. I am a sophomore majoring in biology / pre-med at the …

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My job provided me with a laptop to work a few hours of my house, all programs related work on this laptop, and forgot that work like a cell phone. LOL … How do I connect to my cable modem, or it would be shame …

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How do you connect a laptop to a TV via a VGA cable and audio cables?

Having some problems trying to connect my laptop to my television. I bought a VGA cable and audio cables. What program do I use the computer on TV? What how do I upgrade my TV, AV1, or ….? I hear sound but no picture. Please help!

Sound like your almost there. Its possible that you will have to reduce Computer resolution of your TV to display images (TV, including HDTV is a lower resolution than most good computer). Make your computer VGA output is active (often a shortcut key is one Key "F" on top of the keyboard)

How to connect your Macbook laptop to your TV using a VGA cable (without audio cable).mov

USB 2.0 VGA: Perfect for connecting multiple monitors

A computer is a basic necessity these days, from office to home and school everywhere is a device that is used. That's because this team did a lot of complicated things easy for us. But sometimes, for multitasking and for a best interface we need to connect a few more things for the team as an additional monitor CRT, LCD or monitor USB port. The question is how to connect several devices at once sweet and hassle? Your answer is in the UGA USB 2.0 to VGA DVI HDMI adapter is a multi-set of a USB to DVI, DVI to VGA adapter DVI to HDMI. All this is very powerful and effective.

With the adapter USB 2.0 VGA CRT monitor can easily connect additional monitors and other LCD and USB 2.0 adapter with VGA monitors can also control the time without using many resources. To use the multi-screen USB adapter you need a system that has Windows Vista XPI 2000 A and a USB port 2.0. UGA has connectors that are USB 2.0, DVI, HDMI and VGA. Available in black adapter that size is 90 x 40 x 15 mm / 3.5 x 1.6 x 0.6in (W x D x H).

The most impressive things about this USB multi-display card USB 2.0 is the next number VGA graphics card, the monitors will also be configured to be connected by cloning the main screen, or by extension From the desktop to see more applications at once, control monitors via USB 2.0 VGA adapter is so nearly perfect that there is no difference in performance Direct Monitoring and additional monitors. Yet, knowing the USB adapter to use multiple displays. It works perfectly on a laptop and the desktop war is wise beyond anything else, for example. Great value for many, this product is worth try. Fully compatible with any computer, desktop or laptop performance of this product is 100%.

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What is the highest resolution of a VGA cable you can transfer?!?

I think to update my CRT Nice flat screen LCD. I am aware that most LCD monitors use 1680 x 1050 resolution (widescreen). I have an ATI Radeon 9600 PRO with VGA Advantage Out and DVI. My PC shows that I can do that 7 different resolutions, with my current monitor 17 "CRT connected via VGA. But if I select my secondary monitor, I have 22 different resolutions to choose, and 1680 x 1050 is one of them! I really do not know why my primary monitor only allows me to select a maximum of 1280 x 1024. Am I limited by my monitor or a VGA cable?!?

That we could not really call VGA VGA. VGA is an old standard, this means concretely 640×480 .. SVGA 800×600, then you need is 1024×768 XGA. VGA and DVI are capable of producing various * GA. The difference is one is and allows digital communication (DVI) and the other is analog (VGA). DVI is always the best option. The limits you see are caused by the monitor.

VD-W2 Wii VGA Cable Footage

HIGH DEFINITION VIDEO CABLE

Nowhere has cable manufacturing made greater strides in manufacturing consistency and quality than in digital video coaxial cable.  It is safe to say that 20 years ago, these cables would have been impossible to make.  The technology didn’t exist to make them!

This, in a nutshell, is why older analog cables cannot effectively carry digital signals.  Analog cables lack almost every requirement to carry digital signals.  Table 1 is a short list of what you should expect from a digital cable.

CABLE PARAMETER

REQUIRED FOR DIGITAL

ANALOG CABLE PERFORMANCE

Resistance

High-purity, larger size.

High-purity, size not critical.

Bandwidth

HD is 1.5 GHz, 1080p/50 is 3 GHz.

Analog PAL is 5 MHz.

Skin Effect

Huge percentage of signal on skin.

Tiny percentage runs on skin.

Impedance

75 ohm

75 ohm

Impedance Tolerance

+/- 3 ohms or better

+/- 7 ohms or worse

Velocity

83%

66%

Return Loss

-21 dB to 4.5 GHz

Unspecified

“Safe” Distance RG-6

HD:  111m.  1080p/50: 76m

Kilometer (based on EQ recovery)

Table 1

There are simple things like the bandwidth.  Today’s HD-SDI bandwidth (1.5 GHz) is 300 times the bandwidth of the analog signal (5 MHz).  It is extremely unlikely that any analog cable (much less connector, patch panel or other device) has been tested anywhere near the correct digital bandwidth, or are close to 75 ohms at those frequencies..

A huge percentage of the digital signal will travel on the skin of the conductor, so a lot of time is spent making sure that this conductor has a mirror finish on the outside. No such preparation is done for the analog cable.

The insulation (“dielectric”) around the conductor affects the attenuation, even at moderately high frequencies.  The loss on foamed (digital) cable can be more than 3 dB better at 1 GHz compared to solid plastic (analog) cable.  At the third harmonic of the occupied bandwidth (2.25 GHz for HD, 4.5 GHz for 1080p/50), analog cables are rarely tested up there, so their performance is unknown.   

However, it should be stressed that these distance are “safe” distances, based on a SMPTE formula. This formula can be found in the SMPTE 292M standard for high-definition video.  The formula says that, when the signal strength has dropped by 20 dB at half the clock, then that is as far as a cable can “safely” go.  The clock for HD is 1.5 GHz, so half of that (750 MHz) is the same as the occupied bandwidth of the video signal, often called the “Nyquist Limit”.  Many box and chip manufacturers say that they can go much farther than these ‘safe’ numbers.  With modern top-of-the-line chips, you can often double these distances.  This simply proves that the ‘safe’ distances are intended where you are using older equipment, or chips that are not top-of-the-line.  Then these distances might be more realistic.

Table 2 shows a list of common cables, with the distance they can go for HD and 1080p/50 signals.

Data Rate:

1.5 Gb/s

3.0Gb/s

Spec:

SMPTE 292M

SMPTE 424M

Cable Part Number

HD-SDI

1080p/50

Ft.

m

Ft.

m

179DT

109

33

76

23

1855A*

209

64

154

47

1855P

190

58

127

39

1505A*

308

94

215

66

1505F

225

69

150

46

1506A*

267

81

91

28

1694A*

364

111

250

76

1694F

286

87

192

59

1695A

323

98

217

66

7731A

546

166

364

111

7732A

427

130

289

88

7732LL

515

157

354

108

*Bundled versions of individual cable follow the same distance formulas.

Table 2

Once you pass these safe distances, what can you do?  The first option is to test the signal. This can be done in a number of ways. You can look at eye patterns, for instance.  The problem is that eye patterns are not as accurate as many designers and installers think.  For instance, there maybe a completely closed eye in the analyzer and yet EQ’ing and reclocking will bring back a robust and completely useable signal.

The reason for this is that the clock recovery in the test equipment is not the same as the clock recovery in actual broadcast gear.  In the test equipment clock recovery must work at a huge range of frequencies.  In broadcast equipment, it only needs to recover one clock frequency (or perhaps two).  Therefore, the clock recovery in HD or 1080p/50 equipment can be much more accurate, and allow longer cable runs, than any test gear might tell you.

The point is that there is a digital cliff, when the bit errors increase so rapidly that the signal can go from fully acceptable to unplayable in only a few feet of cable.  Wherever that “digital cliff” is, the wise thing is to stay away from it.  The only question is, how far away from the cliff do you want to be?  10 meters?  20 meters?  50 meters?  And perhaps this is a paranoia question rather than a technical question.

A simple, and perhaps more accurate test, is to put an HD signal on each cable, and plug the other end into an HD monitor.   Good HD monitor can shift the image area to the side so you are looking at the black retrace area between frames.  Any bit errors (ones that have been incorrectly read as zeros, or vice versa) will be very apparent on this part of a monitor.  The black area will flash white!

Now we take that paranoia number – the distance you want to stay away from the digital cliff.  Let’s say you chose 20 meters for this example.  Obtain a 20 meter piece of cable of the same type used in your installation.  Put connectors on each end and, at one end, put a feedthrough (female-to-female) adaptor.  Be sure that the connectors and the feedthrough are good out to the bandwidth of HD signal (at least 2.25 GHz for HD, and as high as you can find – ideally 4.5 GHz – for 1080p/50).

Now put this extension cable in the circuit you are testing. It doesn’t matter if it’s added at the source or destination.  You’re just making that cable 20 meters longer. Now look at the black retrace area.  If you see nothing, no white speckles, then you are at least 20 meters away from the cliff!

If you do see speckles, check the connectors and all the passive devices you are going through (patch panels, patch cords, adaptors, bulkheads, feedthroughs) and make sure they are 75 ohms through the bandwidth of the HD signal.  If everything checks out, then either the cable is too small (change to a larger cable) or you are going too far.  You can move the equipment in the racks or, the ultimate fix, change to fiber optic cable. Fiber is an expensive option but, if you have very long runs, certainly more than 300 metres, that is pretty close to the limit of copper cables, even with the best chips.

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